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Sunday, February 15, 2009

Disulfiram reaction & Other drugs causing it.

490024328_323fa90acaAlcohol intake is strictly prohibited when we take these drugs!Let us know what these drugs are.

 

First lets know something about Disulfiram.

antabusebig

Disulfiram (Antabuse), is an aversive agent that inhibits the metabolism of alcohol. The usual dose of disulfiram is 250 mg once daily.

 

Disulfiram is an irreversible and nonspecific enzyme-inhibitory agent which inhibits the enzyme acetaldehyde-dehydrogenase (ALDH),leading to an accumulation of acetaldehyde in the body ,leading to the ethanol-disulfiram reaction.

Formula_acetaldehyde Disulfiram irreversibly inhibits the oxidation of acetaldehyde by competing with the cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) for binding sites on ALDH . Ultimately, disulfiram reduces the rate of oxidation of acetaldehyde, causing a 5- to 10-fold increase in the concentration of acetaldehyde. An increased serum acetaldehyde concentration is thought to be responsible for the unpleasant side effects associated with the disulfiram-ethanol reaction.source:medscape

 756148-814525-35

The disulfiram-ethanol reaction (DER) is the classic manifestation of patients with disulfiram toxicity. This reaction occurs after the ingestion of even small amounts of ethanol with the concomitant use of disulfiram or disulfiram-like agents.

Disulfiram-ethanol reaction:

  • Head, neck, and chest flushing - Histamine-induced vasodilation
  • Throbbing headaches
  • Nausea, vomiting (may be refractory), diarrhea, and abdominal pain
  • Weakness, dizziness, confusion, and anxiety
  • Vertigo and ataxia
  • Orthostatic hypotension - Hypotensive flushing reaction with warm extremities
  • Diaphoresis
  • Palpitations and dysrhythmias
  • Pruritus
  • Refractory cyanosis (eg, methemoglobinemia)

 

Drugs that may produce disulfiramlike reactions with ethanol include the following:

  • Mushrooms (eg, Coprinus atramentarius [inky cap], Clitocybe claviceps)
  • Antibiotics
  1. metronidazole,Tinidazole is chemically similar to metronidazole and so may cause the same reaction
  2. sulfonamides(trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)
  3. some cephalosporins( eg: cephamandole, cefoperazone, cefmenoxime, cefotetan, Moxalactam)- due to METHYLTETRAZOLETHIOL side chain.
  4. nitrofurantoin,
  5. chloramphenicol
  6. furazolidine
  7. Antimalarial Quinacrine
  • Oral hypoglycemics (eg: chlorpropamide, tolbutamide)- these sulphonylureas compete with acetaldehyde for binding sites on ALDH.
  • Pesticides (eg: carbamates, monosulfiram [Tetmosol])
  • Chloral hydrate
  • Antifungals (griseofulvin)

19 comments:

Anonymous said...

i am wondering if anyone out there is taking Disulfirum, so that I can get some education (lamen terms) on the do's and don'ts before i begin my prescription?

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Lilian Wale said...

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Suntran Matthew said...

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juwan james said...

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Isaac larry said...

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Florence said...


I started on COPD Herbal treatment from Ultimate Health Home, the treatment worked incredibly for my lungs condition. I used the herbal treatment for almost 4 months, it reversed my COPD. My severe shortness of breath, dry cough, chest tightness gradually disappeared. Reach Ultimate Health Home via their website www.ultimatelifeclinic.com . I can breath much better and It feels comfortable!

Elizabeth Glen said...

I was married at 32 and immediately tried to get pregnant. When I was unable to conceive I had blood tests for fertility and was told that I had an FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) of 54 and would not be able to have children. Even though the doctors knew that I had been diagnosed with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis since age 25, no one bothered to check my thyroid levels. my TSH was measured at .001. My Synthroid dosage was lowered. a friend advise me to contact a spiritualist who help with fertility with his medicine, i collected his contact and explain my situation to him he prepared for me a herbal medicine which i took as describe by him. became pregnant very quickly, I had a successful pregnancy. I have my baby august 2017. to get pregnant at age 35 with my 2nd child in september 2019, thank you sir , this is his email contact if you require his help babaka.wolf@gmail.com or Facebook at priest.babaka

Tamara Barrow said...

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power to heal anything. I was diagnosed with HIV for the past 7 years but
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to him immediately because they were both suffering from herpes but to God
be the glory, they were cured too .I know is hard to believe but am a
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