30 challenging Questions in ENT

1. Which are the three most common organisms causing acute sinusitis ?
2. What are Ducts of Rivinus ?
3. Wharton’s duct?
4. What is the most probable diagnosis when the findings are as follows : erythematous aryepiglottic folds, grey granulation tissue in the interarytenoid region and posterior thirds of vocal cords, ulcers in the posterior thirds of vocal cords ?
5. What is the deformity seen in post mandibulectomy patients called as ?
6. Which anti-microbial drug should not be given in Infectious mononucleosis ?
7. What is your first diagnosis is an elderly male who comes with progressively worsening stridor of 3 months duration ?
8. A 3 yr old boy comes with the complaint of foul smelling sero sanguinous discharge from one nostril. What is your first diagnosis ?
9. In which condition is steeple sign seen ?
10. Expand Gd-DTPA.
11. What is ELSA ?
12. What is Dorello's canal ?
13. What is the part of the tuning fork that we place on the mastoid called ?
14. Which is the causative organism of acute epiglottitis ?
15. Which ear drops will you prescribe for a person with right ear TM rupture due to trauma ?
16. What is the most common cause for intraoperative bleeding in adenoidectomy ?
17. Which is the most feared complication during removal of a foreign body from the nose of a child ?
18. What is the procedure of choice for severe air hunger in supine position in a man with supraglottic growth ?
19. "cobblestone" esophagus seen in?
20. What is the lateral rhinotomy incision also known as ?
21. What are the temperatures of water used in the Bithermal test for vestibular function ?
22. Romberg's test positive signifies _______ disorder or _________ disorder.
23. What is chondrodermatitis chronicus pinna also known as ?
24. Collar stud abscess seen in?
25. Cork screw esophagus seen in?
26. What is Woolnerian tip?
27. The Cody tack operation is used in the treatment of?
28. Wullstein’s classification?
29. Blainville ears?
30. Submandibular space infection is known as?

ANSWERS

1. Pneumococcus, H.influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis
2. Minor ducts of the sublingual salivary gland .Some directly open into oral cavity& some unite to form major duct of Bartholin.
3. Submandibular gland duct
4. Laryngeal findings in pachyderma laryngis.
5. Andy Gump deformity .This anatomic defect results from resection of the anterior mandibular arch without adequate reconstruction.
6. Ampicillin (can cause rash)
7. Laryngeal Cancer.
8. Foreign body Nose
9. Acute laryngotracheobronchitis .(check this post for all other signs in ENT)
10. Gadolinium Diethylene Triamine Pentaacetic Acid (It is a type of contrast agent.A substance used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to help make clear pictures of the brain, spine, heart, soft tissue of joints, and inside bones. )
11. Endoscopic Ligation of Sphenopalatine Artery .Endoscopic ligation of the sphenopalatine artery (ESPL) has recently become the treatment of choice for refractory epistaxis.
12. Abducent nerve canal .
13. Footpiece (not base)
14. Hemophilus influenzae type B 
15. Don't give any ear drops 
16. Adenoid tags 
17. Aspiration into airway 
18. Cricothyrotomy
19. Moniliasis.In the diagnosis of Candida esophagitis, double contrast esophagography shows a sensitivity of about 90% , demonstrating discrete plaque-like filling defects which have a finely nodular and granular, distinctive cobblestone or snakeskin-like appearance and correspond to the distinctive white plaques seen at endoscopy. These plaques consist of heaped-up areas of necrotic epithelial debris or actual colonies of C. albicans on the esophageal mucosa; the esophagus per se has an irregular or shaggy appearance .
20. Moure incision. The incision is started from the inner extremity of the eyebrow, descending along the lateral wall of the nose over the naso labial fold.  It is curved up to the alar margin.  The classic Moure's incision should not extend into the vestibule of the nose.  The advantage of this incision is that it can be extended above and below to facilitate better exposure of midface, anterior skull base and orbit.  The incision heals with minimal scarring. 
21. 30 C and 44 C
22. Vestibular or Posterior column
23. Also known as Winkler's disease . Chondrodermatitis nodularis chronicis helicis is an painful, inflammatory nodule of the external ear. nonwhites have been noted occasionally to have lesions in areas other than the helix, such as the antihelix or antitragus. The lesions are believed by several researchers to relate to trauma or sun damage. The nodules are more commonly reported on the right ear, which is believed to be the preferred resting side during sleep.
24. TB lymphadenitis.Cervical lymphadenopathy is also termed “scrofula”, meaning “glandular swelling” in Latin. The nodes coalesce, break down and perforate the deep fascia, resulting in the characteristic collar-stud abscess, which this case resembles.
25. Diffuse esophageal spasm.
26. Darwin's tubercle is a congenital ear condition which often presents as a thickening on the helix at the junction of the upper and middle thirds.However Darwin himself named it the Woolnerian tip, after Thomas Woolner, a British sculptor who had depicted it in one of his sculptures and had first theorised that it was an atavistic feature.
27. Meniere’s disease
28. Classification is

    Type 1	ossicular chain intact, only ear drum is repaired.Myringoplasty is synonymous with tympanoplasty type 1
    Type 2	Graft placed on incus or remnant of malleus
    Type 3	INCUS & MALLEUS absent & the grafted drum is placed in contact with the HEAD of STAPES ( COLUMELLA EFFECT)
    Type 4	refers to the baffle effect of a tympanic membrane protecting the round window, while leaving open the mobile stapes footplate of the oval window
    Type 5	fenestration of the lateral semicircular membrane in the presence of a fixed footplate and an intact tympanic membrane.

29.    Asymmetry in size or shape of the auricles.

30.    Ludwig’s angina